Newsletter - week 15

Welcome To Week 15

Your Baby: The Start Of Thumb Sucking

At this stage, your fetus weighs approximately 1.75 ounces (50 g) and measures just over 4 inches (10.2 cm). Hair is sprouting everywhere. The fetus gets fine hair all over (called lanugo) to protect it from the constant exposure to the amniotic fluid. Skin formation is progressing, but is very thin (you can even see small blood vessels forming underneath). At this point, the baby might even be sucking its thumb!

Your Body: The ABCs Of MMS

• What is an MMS? The MMS, or multiple marker screen, is a blood test that measures the levels of several different biochemicals in the mother's blood or serum. The test is often called the quadruple screen. They usually include four biochemicals: maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a hormone produced in the placenta; inhibin A, another hormone; and unconjugated estriol-an estrogen produced by both the fetus and the placenta. Among these individual biochemicals, a test for maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), can sometimes be done separately or alone to screen for neural tube defects.
• When is the test taken? To get the most accurate results of the triple screen, the test should be done between 15 and 20 weeks after the first day of your last menstrual period.
• What is the purpose of the test? The quadruple screen, or MMS, is performed to assess whether your fetus is at a greater risk for having chromosomal defect such as Down syndrome or a greater risk of having a a neural tube defect. Abnormal levels of AFP, both high and low, may indicate some sort of birth defect. A level that is high may indicate a neural tube defect (such as spina bifida), and a low level could indicate Down syndrome.
• How safe is it? The blood test is like any other maternal blood test and poses no harm to the mother or the fetus. The real risk is that a false-positive result may require further testing -- such as amniocentesis -- a more invasive procedure.
• How reliable are the results? The MMS is a screening tool used to identify women at increased risk for fetal problems. Therefore, it is a very sensitive test. Importantly, a positive result doesn’t mean you baby is abnormal – it just means that your baby’s risk of Down syndrome is greater than 1 in 270, or more than 0.4 percent. When you get your result, your health care provider should tell you your estimated risk of Down syndrome. If it’s 1 in 200, there’s a 99.5 percent chance you baby is normal. Even if it’s 1 in 10, there’s a 90 percent chance your baby is normal. The only way to know for sure if your baby is affected is to have an amniocentesis, a procedure that collects fluid from around the baby and checks for chromosome problems.

Sometimes, an abnormal result has nothing to do with a chromosome problem. Instead, it can be attributed to an incorrect estimation of the age of the fetus; twins (both babies produce the substance); or not taking into account your weight, race, or the presence of diabetes. Be sure to review your results with your health care provider.

On a Different Note: Seeing For Yourself

Depending on your circumstances -- and on your health insurance -- you might not get to see your little one on an ultrasound until midway through your pregnancy (around week 18 to 20), when you will have a detailed ultrasound of your baby to check all of the anatomy.

Weekly Tip

Take the Multiple marker screen (MMS) or Maternal Serum Alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) test on the early side of the window in case you get a false-positive or false-negative result, and there is need for further testing. That way, you'll have plenty of time to get genetic counseling, do a more in-depth ultrasound, and get an amniocentesis, if you choose to do so. Click here to learn more about the MMS and MSAFP tests.

Review Date: 12/1/2010
Reviewed By: Peter J. Chen, MD, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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